Cable Model in TRALIN and HIFREQ

The current distribution inside cylindrical conductors is typically assumed to be symmetrical around the axis. However, this symmetry is disrupted when other conductors are nearby, leading to the current distribution becoming asymmetrical. This phenomenon is known as the proximity effect. The proximity effect increases energy losses due to higher resistance and becomes more significant at higher frequencies and smaller separation distances with other conductors.
Understanding and mitigating these effects is crucial for optimizing high-power cable systems. A new algorithm was introduced in TRALIN (Group Mode) and HIFREQ to account for proximity effects in the calculation of impedance matrices for pipe-type cables, to give more accurate impedances for the components in these cables.